Over the past years, our research group has been working on the experimental prevention of arteriosclerosis by employing basically nutritional strategies. For this purpose we have used the apoplipoprotein-E-deficient mouse as an animal model for the accelerated development of arteriosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We have been able to demonstrate the efficacy of extra virgin olive oil and its minority components (squalene, along with terpenic and phenolic compounds) as well as of nuts in preventing the onset of both pathologies, and we have studied some of the molecular mechanisms involved in them. We have also investigated the antioxidant effect of squalene on intestinal pathologies such as inflammation and cancer.