Our research activity focuses on the economic analysis of the activities of the bioeconomy and their relationship with rural areas, the environment, natural resoures, and climate change. On the one hand, we analyze the economic activities of the bioeconomy and their contribution to the economic and social development of society in general (particularly in rural areas), their impact on natural resources, and the efficient, sustainable use of those resources (water, energy, etc.). Moreover, we quantify the impact of public policies (agrarian, energetic policies, or policies affecting the management of natural resources, such as water) on the development of the bioeconomy and its contribution to the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). On the other hand, we conduct economic studies of the agrifood system from the stage of production to transformation and distribution, retail and consumption, taking not only efficiency and productivity into account, but also the agrifood system’s sustainability associated with a series of practices that are more ecologically sound and socially responsible.