This group’s general objective is to analyze the evolution (on several scales) of agrifood markets and primary goods during the two great waves of globalization in the 19th and 20th centuries. We aim to gain a better overview allowing us to explain changes in production and interchange of agrifood products and primary goods, along with their consequences on several complementary levels. To achieve this, we analyze the process of integration into markets and the transformations occurring in the area of production. Moreover, we investigate the impact and consequences of that integration and transformation of production on the well-being of societies (particularly rural areas), while also observing the concomitant implications for the environment. Our range of study is carried out on several scales: Aragon, Spain, Europe, and the world.